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Sources Of Energy
Energy resources can be described as renewable and non-renewable.

Renewable energy sources are those, which are continually being replaced such as energy from the sun (solar) and wind. Non-renewable energy is that energy resource that is being used faster than it can be replaced (for example, coal takes millions of years to form) then it will eventually run out.

Renewable Energy:-

1. Solar Energy
  Solar energy is light and heat energy from the sun. Solar cells convert sunlight into electrical energy. Thermal collectors convert sunlight into heat energy. Solar technologies are used in watches, calculators, water pumps, space satellites, for heating water, and supplying clean electricity to the power grid. There is enough solar radiation striking the surface of the earth to provide all of our energy needs.
There are two main ways of using solar energy to produce electricity. These are through the use of solar cells and solar thermal technology. Using solar technologies to generate electricity is, at present, more expensive than using coal-fired power stations, but it produces much less pollution.
Solar cells are photovoltaic cells that turn light into electricity. Solar cells are used in three main ways. They are used in small electrical items, like calculators, and for remote area power supplies, like telephones and space satellites. They are also used on a larger scale to supply electricity through energy authorities such as energex and Ergon.
2. Wind Energy
  Moving air turns the blades of large windmills or generators to make electricity, or to pump water out of the ground. A high wind speed is needed to power wind generators effectively. While wind generators don't produce any greenhouse gas emissions they may cause vibrations, noise and visual pollution.
While wind-generated electricity does not cause air pollution, it does cost more to produce than electricity generated from coal.
More recently, wind turbo-generators on wind farms have been providing electricity for cities and towns in more than a dozen countries.
3. Tidal/Wave Energy
  If a dam or barrage is built across a river mouth or inlet, electricity can be obtained by the flow of water through turbines in the dam as the tide rises and falls. The movement of waves can also drive air turbines to make electricity. Although tidal and wave energy don't produce pollution, they can cause other environmental problems.
4. Biomass Energy
  Biomass is plant and animal material that can be used for energy. This includes using wood from trees, waste from other plants (for example, bagasse from sugar cane) and manure from livestock. Biomass can be used to generate electricity, light, heat, motion and fuel. Converting biomass energy into useable energy has many environmental benefits. It uses waste materials that are usually dumped, and uses up methane (a greenhouse gas). Fuels such as ethanol can be made from biomass and used as an alternative to petrol to power motorcars.
All plant and animal matter is called biomass. It is the mass of biological matter on earth. We can get (biomass) energy:
1-- Directly from plants, for example burning wood for cooking and heating. o Indirectly from plants, for example turning it into a liquid (alcohol such as ethanol) or gas (biogas) fuel.
2-- Indirectly from animal waste, for example biogas (mainly methane gas) from sewage and manure.
5. Hydroelectric Energy
  Fast-flowing water released from dams in mountainous areas can turn water turbines to produce electricity. While it doesn't cause pollution, there are many other environmental impacts to consider. Ecosystems may be destroyed, cultural sites may be flooded and sometimes people need to be resettled. There are also impacts on fish breeding, loss of wildlife habitat and changes in water flow of rivers.
Hydroelectricity is produced from falling water. The movement of the water spins turbines, which generate electricity.
Places with high rainfall and steep mountains are ideal for hydroelectricity. Most hydroelectricity projects require the building of large dams on rivers, which can be very expensive.
6. Geothermal Energy
  Geothermal energy uses heat energy from beneath the surface of the earth. Some of this heat finds its way to the surface in the form of hot springs or geysers. Other schemes tap the heat energy by pumping water through hot dry rocks several kilometers beneath the earth's surface. Geothermal energy is used for the generation of electricity and for space and water heating in a small number of countries.

 

Non-Renewable Energy:-

1. Coal
  Coal is a fossil fuel formed over millions of years from decomposing plants. Coal is mainly burned in power stations to make electricity and as a source of heat for industry. Most of the electricity generated in Australia comes from burning coal. When coal is burned it produces large amounts of carbon dioxide, one of the gases responsible for the enhanced greenhouse effect (the increase in the world's temperature due to the increased insulating effect of the earth's atmosphere).
2. Petroleum
  Petroleum, or crude oil, is formed in a similar way to coal. But instead of becoming a rock, it became a liquid trapped between layers of rocks. It can be made into gas, petrol, kerosene, diesel fuel, oils and bitumen. These products are used in houses for heating and cooking and in factories as a source of heat energy. They are also used in power stations and to provide fuel for transport. However their use, especially petrol and diesel, produces large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions. It also produces other poisonous gases that may harm the environment and people's health. Another common use for petroleum is in producing petrochemicals such as plastics.
3. Gas
  Gas is made in the same way as petroleum and is also trapped between layers of rock. Natural gas is tapped, compressed and piped into homes to be used in stoves and hot water systems. LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) is made from crude oil. It is used for cooking and heating in homes, industrial heating in boilers, kilns and furnaces, and for camping and caravanning appliances. LPG can also be used as an alternative to petrol as an engine and transport fuel. Using LPG reduces greenhouse gas emissions from a vehicle by up to 20 per cent.
4. Nuclear Energy
  Nuclear energy is the energy released when atoms are either split or joined together. A mineral called uranium is needed for this process. Heat energy and steam produced can drive an electricity generator in a power station, or provide direct mechanical power in a ship or submarine. At each stage of the process various types of radioactive waste are produced. This waste is poisonous and can cause harm to people and the environment coming into contact with it.
 
Globalenergyportal.com Articles
Sources Of Energy
Using Energy Wisely
Greenhouse Effect
Types Of Energy
Future Energy
Global Warming
 
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