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| Sources
Of Energy |
| Energy resources
can be described as renewable and non-renewable. |
Renewable energy sources are those,
which are continually being replaced such as energy
from the sun (solar) and wind. Non-renewable energy
is that energy resource that is being used faster
than it can be replaced (for example, coal takes millions
of years to form) then it will eventually run out.
Renewable Energy:-
| 1. |
Solar Energy |
| |
Solar energy is light and heat
energy from the sun. Solar cells convert sunlight
into electrical energy. Thermal collectors convert
sunlight into heat energy. Solar technologies
are used in watches, calculators, water pumps,
space satellites, for heating water, and supplying
clean electricity to the power grid. There is
enough solar radiation striking the surface of
the earth to provide all of our energy needs.
There are two main ways of using solar energy
to produce electricity. These are through the
use of solar cells and solar thermal technology.
Using solar technologies to generate electricity
is, at present, more expensive than using coal-fired
power stations, but it produces much less pollution.
Solar cells are photovoltaic cells that turn light
into electricity. Solar cells are used in three
main ways. They are used in small electrical items,
like calculators, and for remote area power supplies,
like telephones and space satellites. They are
also used on a larger scale to supply electricity
through energy authorities such as energex and
Ergon. |
| 2. |
Wind Energy |
| |
Moving air turns the blades of
large windmills or generators to make electricity,
or to pump water out of the ground. A high wind
speed is needed to power wind generators effectively.
While wind generators don't produce any greenhouse
gas emissions they may cause vibrations, noise
and visual pollution.
While wind-generated electricity does not cause
air pollution, it does cost more to produce than
electricity generated from coal.
More recently, wind turbo-generators on wind farms
have been providing electricity for cities and
towns in more than a dozen countries. |
| 3.
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Tidal/Wave Energy |
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If a dam or barrage is built across
a river mouth or inlet, electricity can be obtained
by the flow of water through turbines in the dam
as the tide rises and falls. The movement of waves
can also drive air turbines to make electricity.
Although tidal and wave energy don't produce pollution,
they can cause other environmental problems. |
| 4.
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Biomass
Energy |
| |
Biomass is plant and animal material
that can be used for energy. This includes using
wood from trees, waste from other plants (for
example, bagasse from sugar cane) and manure from
livestock. Biomass can be used to generate electricity,
light, heat, motion and fuel. Converting biomass
energy into useable energy has many environmental
benefits. It uses waste materials that are usually
dumped, and uses up methane (a greenhouse gas).
Fuels such as ethanol can be made from biomass
and used as an alternative to petrol to power
motorcars.
All plant and animal matter is called biomass.
It is the mass of biological matter on earth.
We can get (biomass) energy:
1-- Directly from plants, for example burning
wood for cooking and heating. o Indirectly from
plants, for example turning it into a liquid (alcohol
such as ethanol) or gas (biogas) fuel.
2-- Indirectly from animal waste, for example
biogas (mainly methane gas) from sewage and manure.
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| 5.
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Hydroelectric
Energy |
| |
Fast-flowing water released from
dams in mountainous areas can turn water turbines
to produce electricity. While it doesn't cause
pollution, there are many other environmental
impacts to consider. Ecosystems may be destroyed,
cultural sites may be flooded and sometimes people
need to be resettled. There are also impacts on
fish breeding, loss of wildlife habitat and changes
in water flow of rivers.
Hydroelectricity is produced from falling water.
The movement of the water spins turbines, which
generate electricity.
Places with high rainfall and steep mountains
are ideal for hydroelectricity. Most hydroelectricity
projects require the building of large dams on
rivers, which can be very expensive. |
| 6. |
Geothermal Energy |
| |
Geothermal energy uses heat energy
from beneath the surface of the earth. Some of
this heat finds its way to the surface in the
form of hot springs or geysers. Other schemes
tap the heat energy by pumping water through hot
dry rocks several kilometers beneath the earth's
surface. Geothermal energy is used for the generation
of electricity and for space and water heating
in a small number of countries. |
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|
Non-Renewable Energy:-
| 1. |
Coal |
| |
Coal is a fossil fuel formed over
millions of years from decomposing plants. Coal
is mainly burned in power stations to make electricity
and as a source of heat for industry. Most of the
electricity generated in Australia comes from burning
coal. When coal is burned it produces large amounts
of carbon dioxide, one of the gases responsible
for the enhanced greenhouse effect (the increase
in the world's temperature due to the increased
insulating effect of the earth's atmosphere). |
| 2. |
Petroleum |
| |
Petroleum, or crude oil, is formed
in a similar way to coal. But instead of becoming
a rock, it became a liquid trapped between layers
of rocks. It can be made into gas, petrol, kerosene,
diesel fuel, oils and bitumen. These products are
used in houses for heating and cooking and in factories
as a source of heat energy. They are also used in
power stations and to provide fuel for transport.
However their use, especially petrol and diesel,
produces large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions.
It also produces other poisonous gases that may
harm the environment and people's health. Another
common use for petroleum is in producing petrochemicals
such as plastics. |
| 3.
|
Gas |
| |
Gas is made in the same way as petroleum
and is also trapped between layers of rock. Natural
gas is tapped, compressed and piped into homes to
be used in stoves and hot water systems. LPG (Liquefied
Petroleum Gas) is made from crude oil. It is used
for cooking and heating in homes, industrial heating
in boilers, kilns and furnaces, and for camping
and caravanning appliances. LPG can also be used
as an alternative to petrol as an engine and transport
fuel. Using LPG reduces greenhouse gas emissions
from a vehicle by up to 20 per cent. |
| 4.
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Nuclear
Energy |
| |
Nuclear energy is the energy released
when atoms are either split or joined together.
A mineral called uranium is needed for this process.
Heat energy and steam produced can drive an electricity
generator in a power station, or provide direct
mechanical power in a ship or submarine. At each
stage of the process various types of radioactive
waste are produced. This waste is poisonous and
can cause harm to people and the environment coming
into contact with it. |
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